The joint research center has already delivered great insights into the outlook of Rio Tinto's largest market.

The steel does not have to be painted, which saves maintenance costs.

The 2101 ferrosilicon contract price on ZCE closed at 6682 yuan per ton on December 7.

China's steel industry should adhere to the dual-circulation development pattern and accelerate the establishment of a stable and efficient supply system for raw materials, industry experts said.

US coking coal prices strengthened further early last week, buoyed by supply tightness across segments and strong demand from Chinese mills for low-volatile coals stretching into March next year.

"Not a good sign, but at least the worst is over and we're heading for a recovery."

Australia's Queensland government expects coal exports from the state to drop by 8pc.

Ningxia and Gansu have issued electricity price adjustment policies, and the impact is not very clear at present.